if you can take them off with a toothpick or so, then it's scale. They come off quite easy actually.

Had this also on one, I cut it, all brown inside under the skin. Considering you moved to a humid environment, I'd go easy on the sand in the soil. Can retain a lot of himidity. You might wanna try to cut one, and see if you can take out a nice chunk without rot, and reroot it.

I sowed in containers first, which worked, though I'm starting to lean to glass containers, still not sure why it is, but they seem to do better in there. The water circulation is definitely different in the glass ones, with a lot more condensation on the sides. I had several glass jars of different...

Gymnocalycium anisitsii, maybe var. tucavocense

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hmm, I saw someone saying germination temp. between 18 and 28°C, and somewhere else, during summer, when it's warm, altough they are considered winter growers. Seems they are not too picky about temperatures, I think you're good to go

Do you mean you put the whole container with soil in a pressure cooker? Pretty much so yeah, with moist soil inside, ready to sow, same as if I would put it in the microwave, with a lid on it, but not turned on, otherwise you risk pieces ;) I have one of these bamboo steam plates that I put in the ...

They can be a bit hard at first, sowed them twice, got some plants, but many seedlings didn't make it. But ziplock sowing requires sterilisation, which can also be done in a cooking pot, if you use containers instead of bags, preferably a pressure cooker. I've done it before and I'm temped to say, w...

To come back to your soil type, what I see in this one here, is what looks like a large chunk of organic material (possibly peat) stuck in the pot, with pebbles added over it. This would actually make things worse, as the water in the organic material will take even longer to dry out this way. If yo...

It could be the tissue was damaged due to previous sunburn, and started corking afterward, which results in this. There's green to be seen at the growing point, and between the ribs, so it's growing out of it.

What soil did you use for these ? Looks very organic. And Taiwan has a humid climate, so probably you'd do good to go for a very mineral and gritty soil. And I think you might wanna cut a bit higher up, as the tissue looks brown still.

Beginning of corking due to previous sunburn ?

The cat will develop a habit for hugging pilar cacti, I wonder how this will end

There's a guide here on sowing Euphorbias where it says that "especially madagascar Euporbias need to be sown within weeks" because of short viability. But you never know . https://www.euphorbia-international.org ... sample.pdf

hmmm, temperature is about right, but it's probably safer to sterilise the growing medium, and give the seeds a diluted bleachbath, and keep them sealed in high humidity for a while. It's a standard procedure for cacti (baggy or container method), but I tried several times with Euphorbia seeds and i...